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Argentinian Study
Table 1. Distribution of A1 and A2 mating types and Phytophthora infestans population structure in some developing countries
| Region | Country | Population | |
|---|---|---|---|
Africa | |||
Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda | A1, clonal, host specific | (Schiessendoppler & Molnar, 2002) | |
Morroco | A1+ A2 | (El-Korany, 1994; Sedegui et al., 2000) | |
South Africa | A1, clonal | (McLeod et al., 2001) | |
Asia | |||
China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Pakistan and Thailand. | A1 + A2 | (Kato et al., 1992; Koh et al., 1994; Nishimura et al., 1999; Singh & Shekhawat, 1999; Ahmad et al., 2002; Ghimire et al., 2003; Gotoh et al., 2005). | |
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Philippines and Taiwan | A1 | (Nishimura et al., 1999; Somanchandra, 2000; Hossain et al., 2002) | |
Russia |
clonal (Siberia) recombinant (near Moscow) | (Elansky et al., 2001) | |
Latin America | |||
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay | A1+A2, clonal, host specific | (Brommonschenkel, 1988; Deahl et al., 2003; Reis et al., 2003) | |
Bolivia | A2, clonal, host specific | (Goodwin et al., 1994) | |
Chile, Ecuador, Peru | A1 clonal, host specific | (Forbes et al., 1997; Perez et al., 2001; Rivera et al., 2002) | |
Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Venezuela | A1 clonal | (Gualtero Cuellar & Garcia Dominguez, 1998; Rodriguez, 2001; Paez et al., 2002) | |
Mexico | A1 & A2, sexual | (Grünwald et al., 2001; Flier et al., 2003; Grünwald & Flier, 2005) | |
Literature cited
Ahmad I, S. B and Mirza JI (2002) Distribution of Mating Types of Phytophthora infestans in Pakistan. In: Lizarraga C, (ed.) Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Proceedings of the Global Initiative on Late Blight Conference, 11-13 July. Hamburg, Germany, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, 129-130.Brommonschenkel SH (1988) Pathogenicity, compatibility, cytogenetics and isoenzyme patterns of Brazilian isolates of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.Viçosa, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MS thesis.Deahl KL, Pagani MC, Vilaro FL, Perez FM, Moravec B and Cooke LR (2003) Characteristics of Phytophthora infestans isolates from Uruguay. European Journal of Plant Pathology 109: 277-281.Elansky S, Smirnov A, Dyakov Y, Dolgova A, Filippov A, Kozlovsky B, Kozlovskaya I, Russo P, Smart C and Fry W (2001) Genotypic analysis of Russian isolates of Phytophthora infestans from the Moscow region, Siberia and Far East. Journal of Phytopathology 149: 605-611.El-Korany AE (1994) Pathological studies on late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestans.Ismalia, Egypt.: Suez Canal University, PhD thesis.Flier WG, Grünwald NJ, Kroon LPNM, Sturbaum AK, Bosch TBMvd, Garay-Serrano E, Lozoya-Saldana H, Fry WE and Turkensteen LJ (2003) The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of Central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp. Phytopathology 93: 382-390.Forbes GA, Escobar XC, Ayala CC, Revelo J, Ordoñez ME, Fry BA, Doucett K and Fry WE (1997) Population genetic structure of Phytophthora infestans in Ecuador. Phytopathology 87: 375-380.Ghimire SR, Hyde KD, Hodgkiss IJ, Shaw DS and Liew ECY (2003) Variations in the Phytophthora infestans population in Nepal as revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Phytopathology 93: 236-243.Goodwin SB, Cohen BA and Fry WE (1994) Panglobal distribution of a single clonal lineage of the Irish potato famine fungus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. 91: 11591-11595.Gotoh K, Akino S, Maeda A, Kondo N, Naito S, Kato M and Ogoshi A (2005) Characterization of some Asian isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology 54: 733-739.Grünwald NJ and Flier WG (2005) The biology of Phytophthora infestans at its center of origin. Annual Review of Phytopathology 43: 171-190.Grünwald NJ, Flier WG, Sturbaum AK, Garay-Serrano E, Bosch TBMvd, Smart CD, Matuszak JM, Lozoya-Saldana H, Turkensteen LJ and Fry WE (2001) Population structure of Phytophthora infestans in the Toluca Valley region of Central Mexico. Phytopathology 91: 882-890.Gualtero Cuellar EJ and Garcia Dominguez C (1998) Populations of Phytophthora infestans present on potato in the Cundinamarca and Boyaca plateau in 1996 are monomorphic for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. Agronomia Colombiana 15: 7-14.Hossain M, Dey TK, Haque MA, Rahman MM and Ali MS (2002) Studies on the late blight disease of potato in Bangladesh. In: Lizarraga C, (ed.) Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Proceedings of the Global Initiative on Late Blight Conference, 11-13 July. Hamburg, Germany, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, 135.Kato M, Sato N, Mosa AA, Kobayashi K and Ogoshi A (1992) Cultural features associated with mating types of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato crops in Japan. Ann. Phytopath. Soc. Japan 58: 267-275.Koh YJ, Goodwin SB, Dyer AT, Cohen BA, Ogoshi A, Sato N and Fry WE (1994) Migrations and displacements of Phytophthora infestans populations in east Asian countries. Phytopathology 84: 922-927.McLeod A, Denman S, Sadie A and Denner FDN (2001) Characterization of South African isolates of Phytophthora infestans. . Plant Disease 85: 287-291.Nishimura R, Sato K, Lee WH, Singh UP, Chang Tt, Suryaningsih E, Suwonakenee S, Lumyong P, Chamswarng C, Tang Wh, Shrestha SK, Kato M, Fujii N, Akino S, Kondo N, Kobayashi K and Ogoshi A (1999) Distribution of Phytophthora infestans populations in seven Asian countries. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 65: 163-170.Paez O, Barquero M, Brenes A, Gomez L and Valverde R (2002) Genetic and physiological composition of Phytophthora infestans population in potato in Costa Rica. In: Lizarraga C, (ed.) Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Proceedings of the Global Initiative on Late Blight Conference, 11-13 July. Hamburg, Germany, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, 130.Perez WG, Gamboa JS, Falcon YV, Coca M, Raymundo RM and Nelson RJ (2001) Genetic structure of Peruvian populations of Phytophthora infestans. Phytopathology 91: 956-965.Reis A, Smart CD, Fry WE, Maffia LA and Mizubuti ESG (2003) Characterization of isolates of Phytophthora infestans from southern and southeastern Brazil from 1998 to 2000. Plant Disease 87: 896-900.Rivera V, Riveros F and Secor G (2002) Characterization of a Phytophthora infestans Population in Chile. In: Lizarraga C, (ed.) Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Proceedings of the Global Initiative on Late Blight Conference, 11-13 July. Hamburg, Germany, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, 140.Rodriguez D (2001) [Sexual compatibility, reaction to metalaxyl, and aggressiveness of Venezuelan isolates of Phytophthora infestans] Compatibilidad sexual, reaccion a metalaxil y agresividad de aislamientos venezolanos de Phytophthora infestans. Fitopatologia Venezolana 14: 13-18.Schiessendoppler E and Molnar O (2002) Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations in Sub-Saharan Africa as a basis for simulation modeling and integrated disease management, pp. 140. In: Lizarraga C, (ed.) Late Blight: Managing the Global Threat, Proceedings of the Global Initiative on Late Blight Conference, 11-13 July. Hamburg, Germany, International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, 140.Sedegui M, Carroll RB, Morehart AL, Evans TA, Kim SH, Lakhdar R and Arifi A (2000) Genetic structure of the Phytophthora infestans population in Morocco. Plant Disease 84: 173-176. Author (1999) Potato late blight in India. In:Vol. Technical Bulletin No. 27, pp. 1-85 Central Potato Research Institute, New Delhi.Somanchandra KP (2000) Potato Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in Sri Lanka. Regional Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Bandarawela, Sri Lanka,